POLIS, Revista latinoamericana, es una publicación científica internacional de carácter latinoamericano, dirigida a académicos/as, investigadores/as y profesionales de las ciencias sociales y en general a un público amplio interesado en aquellos temas que les conciernen como ciudadanos. Polis, Revista Latinoamericana, busca contribuir al desarrollo de una universidad “extendida”, en la cual la creación de conocimientos no sea más monopolio institucional, sino que una tarea colectiva del conjunto de la sociedad. POLIS es una revista que publica de forma cuatrimestral en los meses de enero, mayo y septiembre.Cada número está integrado por tres secciones: Lente de Aproximación (sección monográfica y temática que opera por convocatorias y da el nombre a cada número); Resultados de Investigación (sección de artículos de diversos temas, especialmente resultados de investigaciones recepcionados durante el año) y Reseñas (sección de recensiones criticas de libros publicados recientemente).
Memoria, Subsistencia y Resistencia como Sub-política
La literatura sobre movimientos sociales reconoce diversas perspectivas en un amplio espectro teórico. Alain Touraine nos influiría en el estudio sociológico participativo “desde dentro” y con una alta exigencia teórica a la hora de saber si estábamos frente a un movimiento social o no. Por otro lado, se analizaban los movimientos sociales en tanto su acoplamiento a la institucionalidad nacional como “oportunidades políticas” (i.e. Eisenger y Tilly). Sin embargo, junto a una serie de otras autorías se fue configurando una literatura que se adaptó a los “nuevos movimientos sociales” que rompían con un programa fuerte en cuanto a sus demandas y formas de acción. Se relevan conceptos como “política contenciosa” (Tarrow) o “subpolítica” (Beck), que ponen énfasis en la faceta culturalista, cotidiana y simbólica de prácticas de subsistencia y resistencia tales como la memoria social, la identidad y las emociones (i.e. Jasper).
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
La Participación Vaciada: Regulación de la acción de las juntas de vecinos y demás organizaciones comunitarias en el Chile post-dictatorial
En Chile, las organizaciones comunitarias han sido claves en el aporte a las transformaciones sociales, presentando dinámicas oscilantes de avances y retrocesos. No obstante, estas organizaciones han quedado relegadas a un lugar secundario en el análisis de los cambios que acontecen en la sociedad chilena contemporánea. Considerando su centralidad en la vida social, el presente estudio buscó comprender el modo en que se van moldeando normativamente las condiciones de participación de las juntas de vecinos y organizaciones comunitarias en el Chile postdictatorial. A través de la revisión de la Historia de la Ley 19.418 y por medio de un análisis de discurso de las argumentaciones del debate parlamentario se construyeron 4 grandes ejes analíticos: (1) participación como garantía de la democracia, (2) participación instrumental, (3) participación “libre y diversa” y (4) participación inocua. De este modo, el marco regulatorio modula condiciones para una participación limitada y vaciada constreñida en sus repertorios de acción y capacidad de injerencia social y política. Se concluye como los marcos regulatorios limitan la acción de las organizaciones promoviendo ciertos modos de funcionamiento propios de una sociedad neoliberal. Se problematiza el desborde de los marcos regulatorios para poder comprender el trabajo de las organizaciones comunitarias y sus posibilidades de agencia.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
La tiranía de la luz: vigilancia espectacular, resistencia y subalternidad en Debord y Foucault
Este artículo propone una articulación crítica entre la sociedad del espectáculo de Guy Debord y la sociedad de la vigilancia de Michel Foucault para analizar un régimen escópico contemporáneo: la vigilancia espectacular. Se argumenta que ambos conceptos se han fusionado en un sistema donde el espectáculo se convierte en una infraestructura de vigilancia y, a su vez, la vigilancia se disuelve en la lógica espectacular, fomentando que los individuos se vigilen a sí mismos y a los demás. En este régimen, el poder opera no solo a través de la disciplina, sino mediante la producción y consumo incesante de imágenes que normalizan la exposición constante y silencian las diferencias. Frente a esta aparente dominación total, el texto introduce el concepto de subalternidad para analizar la resistencia. Se critica a Debord y Foucault por dejar en la penumbra la agencia de los grupos oprimidos. Se sostiene que, incluso bajo condiciones de visibilidad total, los grupos subalternos desarrollan prácticas de disenso que escapan al control. Estas resistencias subalternas a menudo no son confrontaciones directas, sino que operan desde la invisibilidad, la opacidad y la construcción de un discurso oculto, un repertorio de prácticas culturales desarrolladas a espaldas de lo dominante.
visualidad, vigilancia, espectáculo, subalternidad, resistencia
Copyright (c) 2026 Polis (Santiago) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Participation and representation in Chilean water governance: the legislative debate from an agricultural perspective.
This study analyzes the participation and argumentative repertoires of actors from the Political Sphere and Civil Society in the parliamentary debate on amendments to Chile’s Water Code related to agriculture (1992–2018). A mixed-methods design is applied to 148 documents from the Legislative History of the National Congress, combining inductive coding of arguments with descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis. The results show a high concentration of participation within the Political Sphere, both in the number of actors and arguments. Civil Society displays lower and uneven participation, dominated by the business sector. The bivariate analysis finds no significant associations between political-institutional or territorial variables and argumentative repertoires, but it does identify an association between the type of Civil Society actor and the arguments used. Overall, the debate is structured mainly around sectoral and institutional positions.
Inhabiting pain, transiting memory. Resistances and overlapping violences from the case of the former Fort El Morro in Talcahuano
This article analyzes the process of memorialization of the Historical Monument and Memory Site of the former Fort El Morro de Talcahuano, located in the Biobío Region, Chile, with the particularity of its condition of being a space where multiple historical layers converge and intertwine. Through an analysis of primary sources, product of the interviews conducted during this research, we will explore how the practices –both memorial and management—developed by survivors, relatives of victims and human rights organizations, especially the Corporación Mutualista Bautista van Schouwen Vasey, produce contested meanings in the face of attempts at symbolic and institutional oblivion or resignification. It is concluded that the analysis of the practices of memorialization and special resignification of the former Fort El Morro carried out by the Mutual allows us to understand how, in the face of past and present violence, forms of resistance emerge that recover the integrity of the social body through the collective production of meaning.
Ciencias Sociales frente al Neoautoritarismo
El año 2025 trae cuatro elecciones presidenciales en América Latina. Entre ellas, está la que enfrentará Chile este 16 de noviembre. Las marcas de las coyunturas críticas de los últimos 6 años como el estallido social, la pandemia y las elecciones de cambio de constitución generaron posibilidades de cambios institucionales que finalmente resultaron ser frustradas. En materia de cultura política, el cambio parece haber sido más fructífero frente a los desafíos de seguridad pública, inmigración y estancamiento económico. Esta cultura política neoautoritaria se ha fortalecido al punto que reconoce en la democracia liberal la oportunidad de llevar a cabo proyectos implantados por la fuerza y la violencia de Estado en décadas anteriores. Sin embargo, la nostalgia por la dictadura de Pinochet y la negación de la violación a los Derechos Humanos sigue creciendo en paralelo a esta supuesto avance civilizatorio de la derecha tradicional chilena. La cultura política del neo-autoritarismo sale en forma creciente de su estado latente y desafía una serie de principios que se creían consensuados en la democracia chilena postdictadura.
Trayectorias conceptuales y modelos en tensión en torno a la gobernanza hídrica
The article is an essay that analyzes the use and contemporary discussions surrounding the concept of water governance. To organize the debate, a typology was constructed based on: how they define and value the concept of water governance, what type of participation they promote, the role assigned to conflict, and the political horizon they propose. The result was a typology with three approaches: institutionalist, participatory, and radically critical. The institutionalist approach is mainly expressed through Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), which introduces the concept of water governance, favoring technical knowledge and an economic vision. Throughout the concept's development, visions have emerged that react against the reductionism of the institutionalist approach and propose, in the case of the participatory approach, more complex visions in which technical management gives way to polycentric, participatory, adaptive, and learning-based governance. For its part, the critical perspective takes a more radical stance that questions the very foundations of water governance as proposed by multilateral organizations. Within this approach, there is a bifurcation between those who propose abandoning the term and those who advocate for a reinterpretation of its meaning.
gestión integradora de los recursos hídricos
New Forms of Spontaneous Organization in Land Occupations after the Social Uprising: The Case of Osorno, 2019
This article examines the process of disanchoring traditional sociopolitical alliances in recent land occupations (tomas de terreno) in Chile, focusing on the case of the city of Osorno following the 2019 social uprising. Unlike in previous periods—when political parties, social movements, or religious institutions played a key intermediary role—current dynamics reveal a spontaneous organization led by actors excluded from the formal housing system. Through a qualitative methodology—including ten semi-structured interviews and an analysis of the local press—the study explores the conditions that enabled the reactivation of this repertoire of collective action. The findings indicate that the uprising opened a window of opportunity for autonomous mobilization, driven by emotional and cognitive transformations that gave rise to new forms of organization. These forms are characterized by principles of equality, intensive use of social networks, and a strong component of community work. It is proposed that these experiences be interpreted as expressions of situated agency, which challenge institutional pathways to housing access and reframe the territory as a political space.
Medidas de protección en Chile: Aportes desde Trabajo Social Sociojurídico en los 100 años
La conmemoración de los cien años del Trabajo Social en Chile y América Latina constituye una oportunidad para revisar críticamente su trayectoria en el ámbito sociojurídico, particularmente en la protección de la infancia. Este estudio analiza el comportamiento de las medidas de protección y vulneraciones de derechos tramitadas por los Tribunales de Familia en Chile entre 2015 y 2024, comparando tres períodos sociohistóricos: pre-pandemia, pandemia y post-pandemia. A partir de un diseño cuantitativo descriptivo-comparativo, se analizaron bases de datos del Poder Judicial, que comprenden 7.830.374 ingresos por materia y 6.595.889 causas. El tratamiento estadístico incluyó análisis de tendencias, segmentación por clúster temporal y regresiones. Los hallazgos evidencian un incremento sostenido de las medidas de protección, con un alza abrupta durante la pandemia. Se constata una persistente judicialización de la infancia, con énfasis en materias como vulneración de derechos, alimentos y relación directa y regular. Se concluye que estas medidas reflejan procesos estructurales de exclusión social, desigualdad y fragilidad institucional. El Trabajo Social Socio jurídico es convocado a tensionar estas lógicas, promoviendo intervenciones críticas, situadas y garantistas, que fortalezcan el rol ético-político de la profesión y contribuyan a la restitución efectiva de derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes.
¿Hasta cuándo con la biopolítica? Precauciones sobre el uso y abuso de un concepto.
Acerca de biopolítica se habla demasiado, y se dice tristemente muy poco. La discusión respecto a los alcances y límites del concepto de biopolítica ha sido planteada en disciplinas distantes o poco dialogantes con la Ciencia Política, y en consecuencia se ha perdido de vista tanto la teorización como la aplicación política del concepto, su estiramiento conceptual y en particular las repercusiones que se siguen de su uso inapropiado. En tal sentido, a través de una breve revisión de historia conceptual, buscamos presentar las formas en que el concepto de biopolítica no solo ha mutado y se ha desfigurado, sino que encuentra antecedentes teóricos anteriores a la problematización de Michel Foucault, e incluso debe mucho de su éxito y propagación a factores contextuales, institucionales e incluso históricos en la Ciencia Política, y en cierta medida también en los Estudios críticos de Seguridad, antes que exclusivamente en la Filosofía y Humanidades. El primer apartado nos presenta una breve discusión respecto al concepto, sus usos y alcances, mientras que las secciones segunda, tercera y cuarta, presentan tres enfoques distintos y dan cuenta de las recepciones del concepto de biopolítica en contextos históricos y académicos diferentes. Finalmente, el quinto y último apartado presenta consideraciones finales respecto al problema en la actualidad.
Human and non-human bodies that migrate: a review of studies of migrant objects
Generally, studies on transnational migrations have focused their attention on an anthropocentric and humanist perspective, without sufficiently considering the materiality on which migratory trajectories are also based. Therefore, this article develops, through a bibliographic review of studies, the lines of argument by which both epistemologically and methodologically the semiotic-material relationship in transnational mobilities is considered in research. In the findings, analyzes can be found in different contexts and countries that consider migrating objects or as elicitors of the experiences and lives of migrant subjects; or as enhancers of reaffirmations or new processes of individual and collective subjectification, and/or triggers of various forms of migrant memories. However, there is less analytical development on the agency and potential that objects and artifacts themselves possess to promote, limit, authorize or enhance human mobilities.
Objects, artifacts, memories, agency, migration
Aportes vs. expectativas de género: dilemas para la educación superior y la industria minera
In 2022, female participation in STEM areas in Latin America and the Caribbean grew by 35%. However, this encouraging growth does not yet reflect a significant transformation in mining culture, given the gender dilemmas faced by women in this industry. The objective of this study is to analyze the tension between the contributions made by women vs. the expectations projected on them. The research was carried out from a gender perspective and its configuration in the STEM area. To do this, interviews were conducted: 12 individual interviews with female mining workers and 14 group interviews with technical and university level students. 39 women and 25 men from careers oriented to the sector participated. The results show coincidences among the interviewees, regarding the fact that women are aware that they contribute with communication skills, planning, leadership and responsibility in the sector, but at the same time they face high expectations to achieve notable performances in higher education and in the industry, because the male model of productivity that prevails in the sector operates in "favor of men" and not women.
STEM; mining culture; gender; higher education.
Birth control policies and agrarian reform in Chile: an analysis of journalistic discourse in the newspaper La Nación (1962–1970)
This article empirically analyzes the discursive construction of birth control in Chile during the 1960s, in the context of the Agrarian Reform. It examines a selection of publications from the newspaper La Nación between 1962 and 1970, understood as a relevant actor in the production of public meanings and the official role of each government since its founding in 1917. The analysis identifies the centrality of technical-state discourse in the legitimization of family planning as a health and development policy, as well as the representation of the rural world as a priority area for intervention. The results show the lack of visibility of the experience of peasant women and the moral and religious tensions that ran through the public debate. The study contributes to the understanding of the press as a device for mediation between public policies, gender, and modernization in rural Chile in the 1960s.
Social norms and circumstantial power: analysis of driver-pedestrian interaction at unregulated pedestrian crossings
In the Chilean social context, inequality is often addressed in an abstract manner. However, this phenomenon also manifests itself in everyday situations, such as crossing a pedestrian crosswalk. The present research focuses on analyzing the behavior of drivers in terms of their willingness to yield to pedestrians. Through descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression models, results were obtained that allow us to examine how people in positions of circumstantial power make use of this in everyday situations. The results suggest that drivers tend to not yield at pedestrian crossings regardless of the characteristics of the pedestrians. In addition, it was observed that drivers of American brand vehicles significantly tended not to respect the right of way. This suggests that those who hold circumstantial power tend to exercise it even at the cost of transgressing prescriptive norms (right of way). In this way, this research points to how circumstances of power asymmetry can tend to favor phenomena such as interactional inequalities and interpersonal distrust, underlining the importance of addressing the discrepancies between what should happen and what tends to happen by reflecting on the impact of such discrepancies in broader social processes.
Turismo como vetor de conflitos ambientais: análise global a partir do EjAtlas
Environmental conflicts arise from the appropriation or attempted domination of space by certain agents, projecting undesirable results from one social practice onto another, raising questions about the arbitrary nature of the hegemonic meanings attributed to the territory. In tourism, these conflicts bring to light the fact that, while the benefits claimed for host destinations are exaggerated/distorted, the burden falls on vulnerable populations. Thus, this article aimed to identify and analyze the environmental conflicts generated by tourism at the global level, based on political ecology. The database used was the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice (EjAtlas), where a search was conducted for the term “tourism services,” resulting in 279 cases. After filtering, the analysis corpus consisted of 150 cases. Environmental conflicts occur in several countries and are caused by the state and large corporations. Most conflicts began in the last twenty years, mainly affecting rural populations. Victims are not always passive subjects and organize themselves into movements and networks. Thus, most cases involved some visible mobilization, mainly in a preventive manner. These mobilizations were developed by different groups. However, only 35 cases were temporarily halted or closed.
Educação ambiental, sustentabilidade e cultura: proposta metodológica como aporte ao pensamento decolonial
The article addresses EA through community workshops in Northeast Brazil and aims to identify to what extent these can be constituted as methodologies and, at the same time, as instruments of decoloniality, especially in the dimensions of knowledge and nature. The research was conducted in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil in rural communities located in the Buffer Zone of the Furna Feia National Park, belonging to the municipality of Baraúnas, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, through community workshops in formal education spaces and other actions integrated with Community-Based Tourism. The PNFF is a Conservation Unit created for the environmental protection of its speleological wealth and biodiversity present in this environment. Thus, the research approaches environmental education from a decolonial perspective to promote ecological awareness among the residents of the Buffer Zone, as it is just as important to create fully protected areas as it is to strengthen the communities living in the surroundings, so that they feel a sense of belonging to these spaces as ecological subjects within the society-nature relationship. In the artwork, the paintings reflect the participants' perception of their place of residence and belonging, as well as their connection to their emotions and memories.
Decolonialidade; Educação ambiental; Unidade de conservação; Semiárido brasileiro.
Capitalist modernization, middle classes, and social conflict: 20 years of social studies on credit and debt in Chile
This essay reviews the evolution of 20 years of social studies on household credit and indebtedness in Chile, highlighting their relevance for understanding the processes of financialization in Latin America. Three research agendas are addressed: i) an epochal and normative debate on the role of credit in capitalist transformation, the emergence of middle classes, and economic and social modernization; ii) a focus on the relationship between credit, consumption, stratification, and social mobility; iii) the process of producing credit subjects, exploring conflicting trajectories of indebtedness and their relation to the emergence of new political subjects and forms of collective action against debt. The paper concludes with reflections for further developing social studies of credit and debt in Chile.
From like to vote. Virtual social networks as a space for youth political socialization in Chile
We investigate the role of virtual social networks as spaces for political socialization in a context of recurrent conventional political action in Chile and its respective consequences. Fourteen young university students participated, who through semi-structured interviews, related their experiences on the use of social networks as sources of political information. The results indicate that digital platforms are considered an important source of political socialization in times of electoral decisions, despite the fact that their use entails certain risks associated with post-truth, such as disinformation, the emergence of fake news and the lack of control over this scenario. The participants recognized that their political stance is influenced by the information shared on these networks, stressing the importance of developing critical skills to discern about the content consulted and presented. We conclude that social networks are powerful tools to foster citizen participation and political engagement, but their effectiveness or risk depends on the citizenship education and digital training that young people receive in this regard as spaces for political socialization.
Formando identidades STEM: el rol de las trayectorias personales y universitarias en estudiantes talentosas
The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze how personal and university experiences influenced and enabled the construction of a female STEM identity (areas of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, acronym in English) in highly masculinized fields. The personal and university trajectories of 10 talented STEM career students were examined. The semi-structured interview technique was used and a content analysis of the interviews was carried out, with the purpose of identifying dimensions. The research revealed that the subdimensions: personal interest in STEM areas, family support in the development of abilities, school support in the development of STEM abilities, relational experience with other women and men (peers) and teachers, recognition from peers, teachers and family, significant milestones and obstacles, self-recognition and individual motivations were fundamental in the construction of STEM identity, as well as in the development of the personal identity of the interviewees.
She Former guerrilla or engineer: tensions in the discursive construction of the 2022 presidential candidates in Colombia
Political polarization and discursive (de)legitimization have emerged as key phenomena shaping contemporary political landscapes. This article aims to analyze the discursive construction of Gustavo Petro and Rodolfo Hernández as presidential candidates during the 2022 elections in Colombia, through the analysis of a national media outlet, Revista Semana. An interpretative repertories analysis was employed, utilizing tools from critical discourse psychology. The findings reveal how a widely influential media outlet, in its role as a media actor, employs discursive strategies to incite readers to take sides between an "ex-guerrilla" and an "engineer," promoting dichotomous models of governance and positioning a political narrative that, in many cases, excludes intermediate alternatives or nuances. This analysis contributes to understanding the role of the media in the construction of polarized political identities and in shaping public opinion during electoral processes in contexts of increasing polarization.
Metodologías para la investigación social: debates y apuestas emergentes, nuevos abordajes, desafíos pendientes
En un contexto signado por la exacerbación de las desigualdades económicas y por múltiples formas de violencia y de precarización de la vida, las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas se han visto interpeladas políticamente por las complejas transformaciones que han experimentado los fenómenos sociales contemporáneos.
Pedro S. Zulen. Gamonalismo y Centralismo. Estudio preliminar de W. Kapsoli y V. Mazzi Lima: Heraldos Editores, 2024.
A METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL FOR PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH WITH SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
This paper presents a methodological proposal whose purpose is to contribute, from experience, to the field of participatory action research with social organizations. We see this as a powerful approach for dialogue and the co-construction of knowledge between the public university and communities, aimed at transforming the realities they inhabit. The article combines descriptions and theoretical and empirical positions that have arisen and been built in the investigative process, around the central axis: the methodological plot, made up of different moments that guide and give substance to action research. The experience that gave life to the methodological plot consisted of a research work in which the socio-political organizational process of the “Coletivo de Trabajadorxs Sexuales - AMMAR (Asociación de Mujeres Meretrices de la Argentina) Río Cuarto” was reconstructed, from its formation (2015) until the year 2022, with emphasis on iconic moments of its development, such as its creation, the passage through the Covid-19 pandemic and the incorporation/affiliation to AMMAR. We share a brief summary of this experience.
Research; action; participation; social organizations; methodological plot
La interpretación de grupos focales como articulación de significaciones
Los grupos focales suponen la recreación de interacciones sociales que actualizan y producen sentidos a investigar. El artículo se enfoca en las consecuencias metodológicas de entender la conformación de representaciones sociales como articulaciones significantes referidas a problemas públicos en el marco de grupos focales. Se critican las perspectivas que asimilan los focus a una puesta en común de miradas individuales latentes. A partir de entender la conformación de sentidos como articulaciones simbólicas, se desarrollan las características de los issues, el rol del moderador, el empleo de guías semiestructuradas, la conformación de los grupos y se proponen herramientas de análisis.
Grupos focales; representaciones sociales; problemas públicos; rol del moderador
Subjects interviewing subjects. A new interdisciplinary methodology for human experience research
If nowadays there is enough evidence to sustain that subjective experience escapes from us and we filter the reality, why do we social scientists continue asking the same questions?, what do we get in response?, and how do we analyze the responses obtained? These methodological questions are the white elephant in the hegemonic room of our qualitative method per excellence, the interview; where despite having that feeling that there is something in the middle of the room which is so big and uncomfortable, that perhaps we prefer to continue ignoring it. But for those of us who seek to do different and applicable science which generates real solutions to the complex human problems of coexistence, microphenomenology emerges as an innovative view to face the challenge of subjectivitycof the interviewed and of the researchers.
Microphenomenology, interview, subjective experience, interdiscipline.
Aprendizajes de la emergencia sanitaria por el covid-19 en Uruguay: De la libertad responsable a la responsabilidad colectiva.
La pandemia por el COVID-19 generó una serie de políticas de gobierno en el mundo ante las emergencias sanitarias. En Uruguay, el gobierno de turno propuso la libertad responsable como forma de evitar el contagio de la población. Esto trajo aparejado que no se profundizara en políticas públicas para las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad. El caso de estudio que presento es el de una olla popular en el barrio Capurro de la ciudad de Montevideo. Entiendo que el activismo del colectivo invistió desde abajo la política de gobierno hacia una responsabilidad colectiva. El objetivo es analizar la tensión entre el individualismo y la acción colectiva. Como resultado principal, propongo que la política desde abajo genera lazos de cuidado y protección a personas que son abandonadas o se les hace más difícil acceder a las políticas públicas de gobierno cuando estas son de naturaleza liberal en sus diversas formas. Palabras Clave: COVID-19; acción colectiva; responsabilidad colectiva; libertad responsable; ollas populares.
COVID-19acción colectiva; responsabilidad colectiva; libertad responsable; ollas populares.
Segmentos y perfiles laborales de mujeres aymaras residentes en el norte de Chile
A partir de una revisión sociológica crítica de los estudios sobre mercados laborales y recogiendo las aportaciones de las perspectivas interseccionales y decoloniales, este artículo presenta una tipología de caracterización de segmentos y perfiles laborales de mujeres aymaras residentes en las regiones de Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta y Atacama, Chile. Por medio de la articulación de dos técnicas estadísticas (análisis de correspondencias múltiples y clúster de k-medias), combinamos la información de una serie de variables laborales, socioeconómicas y territoriales con el objeto de elaborar un sistema de clasificación de ocho grupos. El artículo pretende cubrir la ausencia de estudios específicos abocados a esta población, aportando una mejor comprensión de las diferentes actividades económicas, buscando explorar algunos factores de discriminación relevantes a la hora de pensar en la clasificación de los casos en grupos diferenciales.
Notes on the anthropology of the digital: challenges, opportunities from various perspectives in social research
In the context of my doctoral project on a digital cultural magazine, I reflect on the digitalization of social processes and social research, focusing on the challenges and opportunities faced by the Anthropology of the digital as a field, tool and object of research. The digital cultural magazine represents a space where the interaction between the online and offline worlds intertwine, offering a unique field of study to understand contemporary cultural dynamics. Digitalization has transformed the way social phenomena are researched and understood, presenting both opportunities and limitations. With these assumptions we explore theories that address multisites, points of view, intersectionality, feminist perspectives and digital ethnography, seeking to understand how the Anthropology of the digital influences social research and how we can adapt our tools and approaches to capture the richness of social processes in the digital environment.
Digitalización; antropología de lo digital; abordaje multisitio; interseccionalidad; investigación socioantropológica.
Co-producción de conocimiento a través de imágenes (Fotovoz) sobre los procesos de identificación/diferenciación de jóvenes hijos(as) de migrantes nacidos y/o escolarizados en Chile
With this article we propose to contribute to the field of participatory and collaborative methodologies in social sciences, from the experiences with photovoice in Latin America. , from the investigation of the processes of identification and ethno-national belongings of the young children of migrants (born and/or schooled in Chile). We propose to conceive photovoice as a device for co-construction of knowledge of young people, showing the way in which it opens up space for the production of emerging knowledge that does not correspond only to what is already known. And also as a device for the production of group reflections in which youths have a place, no longer merely as participants but as collaborators too, in the analysis of the photographs produced by them in the inquiry process itself.
Qualitative methodologies, participatory methodologies, photovoice, migrant’s youths
Avatars of an investigation at the frontiers
In this paper I reflect on the problems that can arise in the ethnographic process based on my experience in the field as a researcher and at the same time as a militant of a popular economy movement in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. Returning to the main discussions about the ethnographic method and presenting the difficulties in the field in light of my personal involvement, I propose possible solutions to multiple crossroads that arise in the field of study, such as militant research and the active participation of those who are part of it research based on the revaluation of their knowledge and their political praxis.